Black’s Law Dictionary defines a formality as a small point of practice that, though seemingly unimportant, must usually be observed to achieve a particular legal result.  In the copyright context, the term “formality” refers to a procedural or administrative requirement, such as placing a copyright notice, deposing copies or registration, to be fulfilled as condition for the acquisition, enjoyment and exercise (including the enforce ability) of copyright or related rights. Under the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1971), the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS Agreement), the WIPO Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, the enjoyment and exercise of the rights may not be subject to any formality.