The museum houses many objects of art, paintings, sculptures and various artefacts, the most important being a replica of the Phra Bang, a small Buddha statue, from which the town derives its name. (refer section on Buddhist art)

Also in its collection are ancient palm leaf manuscripts, important documents and records, a large variety of royal religious objects, crystal Buddhas, large gilded and lacquered Ramayana screens, embroidered silk screens with religious imagery. The throne room contains the Crown Jewels of Laos.

The Luang Prabang National Museum incorporates an important archive i.e. the Luang Prabang National Museum Archives