Moonj/Sarkanda Craft of Uttar Pradesh

Moonj is a wild grass that grows in the wastelands of Allahabad, Gorakhpur and Behraich districts in eastern Uttar Pradesh. It is the top half of sarkanda that is softer and leafier. Moonj basketry is done by women who use coiling which is a basket weaving technique to make objects used in the kitchen. A knife and iron awl are used in handcrafting the baskets. These days binding is done using cloth, colourful plastic strips, and tinsel. These baskets are lightweight and long-lasting. They are almost waterproof as they are tightly coiled. The baskets are used for storing flour and foodgrains. Food especially roti or flatbread stays fresh when stored in these baskets.

The moonj is harvested in winter. The peel of the stalks is left out in the dew for about three days to lighten its colour. They are tied in knots called balla and left out to dry. The knots ease the process of drying. Some splits of grass are also dyed to create patterns on the baskets. Red and green colours are used for auspicious occasions.

Moonj baskets are made by mothers for their daughters’ marriage. Thus, moonj baskets have a traditional significance. The skill is passed on from the mothers to the daughters.

In the villages, basketry is a domestic craft, whereas, in Allahabad, the craftswomen weave baskets to earn a living. The items sold are placemats, trays, baskets, sini/breadbasket, and tipari/vanity case. Recent innovations include earrings, hand purse, fruit basket, and bookshelf.

The baskets of Behraich have bold forms and stylized animals and humans motifs. Special baskets with shell tassels are made for a bride. Other articles made here are roti baskets, coasters, hats, and baithkas (circular seats).

In Gorakhpur, the baskets are circular, open with large mouths and convex bases, and are called maunis. These are laid in a row for the bride to step in as she leaves her home. The bride is also given moonj baskets filled with sweets, grain, and other items.